Tips on How to Write a Terrific Literature Review

Tips on How to Write a Terrific Literature Review The most effective method to Write a Literature Review When composing a writing survey, you should give a basic assessment of the most significant sources that were distributed on your subject of intrigue. As a matter of fact, a writing survey can fill various needs relying upon what crowd will understand it or hear it out. For instance, if the crowd knows short of what you do on the point, the reason for the audit will be educational. Despite what might be expected, if the crowd includes prestigious educators and pros, you should seek after the motivation behind exhibiting recognition and skill in the subject. Some composing tips, which you ought to follow while giving an audit of writing: Spot your unique work inside the setting of the current sources; Make a point to decipher the key issues relating to your subject of intrigue; Concentrate on depicting the relationship among picked scholarly sources; Think of better approaches for translation and point out the holes in the dissected sources; Give answers for the current clashes or contentions among past investigations; Show which writing makes a significant commitment to your comprehension of the theme; Demonstrate the points of view of your further examination. Constituents of a Literature Review So as to be appropriately composed, a writing audit must be very much organized. The thoughts ought to be introduced legitimately and lucidly. Furthermore, it is exceptionally critical to give clear advances from one thought/point to the next. In your selection of sources, ensure they are applicable to the subject of your examination and not obsolete. While introducing ideas and wording, ensure you do it as exhaustively and unprejudiced as could be expected under the circumstances. Incorporate the accompanying parts into your audit of writing: Brief review of the theme, fundamental issues/viewpoints or hypothesis; Separate survey of hotspots for and against your exploration subject/position; Give the foundation to your exploration, which was made previously; When composing the end, demonstrate which of the works have made the most noteworthy commitment to the investigation. Focus on the accompanying models when choosing which work to remember for your audit: Validity: which of the creators thoughts are enticing and why? Capabilities: Does the creator have reasonable/expected certifications to direct a well-thorough exploration? Worth: do the creators discoveries enhance your own ones? Impartiality: are the creators points of view one-sided or not? You should introduce your attitide towards the works you audit with the assistance of detailing action words, which show whether you acknowledge a specific perspective/position or not. Detailing action words show the accompanying: Unbiased assessment: remark, refer to, address; Positive assessment: hold, contend, advocate; Basic assessment: censure, discredit, object, assault; Speculative assessment: recommend, suggest, estimate, accept. With everything taken into account, the method of introduction the materials in your writing survey ought to demonstate that you have picked and cited the most important material to help/invalidate your contention and that you have given sense when bringing cites into your contention advancement (by clealry deciphering them and connecting to the thought you mean to communicate).

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essay Writer

1984 is a tale about tyrants who are in finished control of an enormous piece of the world after the Allies lost in World War II. The legislature in this novel gives no opportunities to its residents. They live in dread since they fear having terrible considerations about the administration of Oceania, a wrongdoing deserving of death. Winston the principle character, is a common man of 39 who is disturbed with the world he lives in. He works in the Ministry of Truth, a spot where history and the fact of the matter is modified to fit the gathering's convictions. The realities - noteworthy and unimportant are changed, they altogether wreck the records of the past, and they print up new, cutting-edge versions of old papers and books they will probably cause individuals to overlook everything-realities, words, dead individuals, the names of spots. Individuals liable of violations (free idea) are deleted from having ever existed. The Ministry of Truth permitted the controling forces to ha ve authority over its residents utilizing memory deleting strategies (ccognitive brain science). Winston knows about the lies, since he makes them valid. This makes him annoyed with the legislature of Oceania, where Big Brother, an overwhelming figure, controls the individuals. Elder sibling is the nonentity of an administration that has all out control. The Big Brother system utilizes promulgation and places dread in its residents to keep everyone in line. Older sibling has a military of sources called thought police, who observe each resident consistently for minimal indications of imagined that the goverment would not concur with(a thought wrongdoing). His disappointment increments to a point where he opposes the legislature in little manners. Winston's first demonstration of insubordination is purchasing and writing in a journal. This demonstration is known as an idea wrongdoing and is deserving of death. Winston begins writing in a journal so he can difereniate between what has really occured and what he is being modified to accept. The other purpose behind the journal is with the goal that individuals later on will have the option to peruse what truly continued during Winston's time. Winston carries out many idea wrongdoings and gets distrustful about being captured. In the interim he sees a young lady paying him a lot of consideration, she is effectively engaged with numerous local gatherings and he expected that she had something to do with the idea police.

Successful Strategies for Finding Prestigious Government Jobs

Successful Strategies for Finding Prestigious Government Jobs If you have your eyes set out on a career path that can help your local community or the wider society, you might want to consider a job in the government.The national and local governments around the world offer plenty of prestigious job roles that can help you make a difference and enjoy your job at the same time. © Shutterstock | KENNY TONGBut how do you go about getting a job in the government? In this guide, we’ll examine the benefits and the drawbacks of a government job, as well as the different options available for you in terms of finding these roles. We’ll then present three successful strategies for finding prestigious government jobs: acquiring the right skills, networking with the right people, and becoming a politically active citizen.WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING FOR THE GOVERNMENT?Before we venture into examining what your options are in terms of landing a government job, it’s a good idea to carefully consider the reasons why you’d want to pursue this route. Government jobs, like any other jobs, have their own set of pros and cons. Prior to committing yourself to being a public servant, you should carefully weigh them and see if you’re still convinced about this career path.The pros of a government jobGovernment jobs tend to enjoy more stability in terms of job security. Most governments don’t suddenly go out of business, unlike private companies, which can be subject to performance and profit expectations. While public sector often sees cuts and different departments can be morphed into one, the sector’s jobs have been found to be more secure than private sector jobs.The public sector is often also congratulated for offering work flexibility. In the UK, most council jobs offer flexi-time to most employees, although the implementation is not always perfect.In general, the job benefits are better for public sector workers than many private workers. Government jobs typically come with healthcare and retirement plans, while in many private sector jobs, especially the lower skill roles, these are not always given.Finally, government jobs offer longer holidays. Leave time, in terms of sick and maternity leave, is fixed and secure, whereas workers in the private sector might not enjoy these perks.The cons of a government jobB ut there are certain obvious drawbacks to working for the government. The most often cited is the slower salary growth. Public sector wages don’t grow as quickly and the earning potential can mostly be capped, unlike in some private sector jobs.Furthermore, if you are a doer and you want things to be done swiftly, you might be discouraged by the vast amount of bureaucracy. You often don’t have as much control over how you do certain things and reaching a decision can take a lot of paperwork and the involvement of other departments.UNDERSTAND YOUR OPTIONS OF GETTING A GOVERNMENT JOBYou next need to do research on the roles available in the government. This is for two reasons: to find the roles that appeal to you and to be better able to use the strategies below to your advantage.Naturally, the availability of roles and the nature of these jobs depend on where you live. But it’s generally possible to use similar strategies for finding out about these options no matter what count ry you are from.First, you should check with the official government website. This is USA.gov in the US, Gouvernement.fr in France and India.gov.in in India, for example. These websites will reveal more about the structure of the government, the different departments of the government and often has a special section available for government roles. Furthermore, you should also visit your local government websites. This could be the council, municipality or city authority website.The public roles can range from administrative roles to accounting and legal-based roles. Different government departments might also employ scientist and social workers, so there’s a wide range of skillsets required across the different government roles. You should select the roles that appeal to you, in terms of your career passion and your particular skillset.Once you’ve found out about the different roles and you’ve found the jobs you’d like to pursue, you should research the hiring process.Govern ments often have special schemes for certain positions, which you need to apply for before landing a job. For example, most national governments run diplomat-training programs, which are a requirement for many overseas jobs, for example. You can find out about these usually from the national government websites.Furthermore, national governments also have their own job portals for announcing job openings. These are not only great for applying to the job, but you’ll be able to learn a lot about the application process on these portals as well.Examples of national and international governmental job portals include:USAjobs.gov for jobs in the USCivilServiceJobs.gov.uk in the UKEC.europa.eu/eures for jobs in the European Union and its member statesCareers.un.org for jobs in the United Nations and its member statesIt might be a good idea to search for the portals in your language in Google using keywords like “government jobs”, “government job portal” and “applying government jobs”.Finally, you can also find government jobs by contacting recruitment agencies. This is especially relevant for high-level roles, such as executive and management positions within a governmental department. International recruitment agencies such as Hays and UK-based agency Morgan Hunt offer public sector roles. To find more, search for “public sector jobs + recruitment agency” or “recruitment agency for government jobs” in Google.Once you’re done with the research, you should create a plan of action on finding the dream job.Your plan of action should follow these steps:Outline the job roles you are looking for.Identify the location where these jobs are â€" For example, for certain jobs, you might have to move to a different city or even a country.List all the places where these jobs are advertised â€" Your research should have provided you within an understanding whether your job requires you apply through a scheme, whether it’s publicly advertised on job portals or if the role is usually only available on recruitment agency job boards.Distinguish the best route to accessing the role by using one of the three strategies we’ll examine in the next section.You can then focus on implementing your findings and the action plan through the following three strategies.THE 3 STRATEGIES THAT CAN GUARANTEE A GOVERNMENT JOBThere are essentially three different ways to finding prestigious government jobs: by focusing on your skills, networking with the right people or launching political campaigns. Depending on the role you are looking for, you might require the utilization of all these three strategies or rely on focusing just one.Strategy 1: Get the skills that get you hiredIt might sound rather obvious, but one of the most successful strategies for getting a government job is to have the right skills. Now, you should understand that the right skills mean the right skills for the particular position and not the longest list of qualifications. The pro blem job seekers often make is to apply to jobs without paying attention to what the employer is actually looking for from the candidate.Essentially this means that your resume, job application and your interview should demonstrate your skillset in relation to the requirements of the employer, i.e. the government. How can you do this?First, you must understand what skills the government is looking for in each position. Look at the national government website for job descriptions, departmental values and best practices, and the job postings themselves to create a list of skills and characteristics highlighted by the employer. Once you have a list of skills and requirements ready, you can start comparing your own list of requirements and skills with the list. Take into account any previous experience, whether voluntary or paid.Use the list and the examples of how you meet these requirements as a guide when writing your resume. Highlight the skills the governmental department is lookin g for and omit information they are unlikely to need. Furthermore, use the same skill and requirement list when updating your LinkedIn profile, and when you finally apply for the jobs.However, it’s rather likely you might be missing certain skills or requirements or you might simply feel you need stronger experiences to highlight these skills. This is when you need to start looking for ways to get the skills to get hired.As mentioned above, certain openings (such as diplomats) require you to enroll in a special course after which you can apply for the specific role. Find the requirements needed for the courses and get your way in to boost your career progress.Furthermore, government roles might have other specific course, degree or experience requirements, unique for these roles. For instance, depending on the position, things such as military service, previous experience in the public sector or health safety courses might be required. It’s important to be aware if these are a must, or a bonus for being hired, so that you can find out how to update your current resume with them. It’s also worth keeping in mind that you generally need a clean criminal record.When it comes to government roles, soft skills tend to be high on the requirement list. This means you should focus on developing your skillset in terms of qualities like: leadership, flexibility, team working, and commitment.Furthermore, check out this insightful video on interview techniques you should use when applying for government jobs: Strategy 2: Network with people working for the governmentYour second strategy involves networking with people who are currently working for the government. While government jobs don’t use referrals as often as sectors like technology and finance, referrals can still boost your chances of landing a job.You definitely want to increase your network with people working for the government, especially in the HR department or the department you are looking to join. You should first see whether your existing contacts are employed in these roles before making new connections.First, go through your family, friends and work acquaintances to find the people who might be able to help provide a good word on you. You then want to examine at your university alumni, as these can be a powerful way to draw a connection. Check university Facebook groups, LinkedIn pages and other alumni-related platforms you can find. You might also want to check different political university societies, which might have the next government influencers in their midst.You naturally want to also increase your network. You should keep an eye on the specific departmental social media profiles and start talking with the employees active on these. Networking can also be enhanced by participating in different government events, whether it’s seminars, workshops or open days. Meeting people in these and mentioning your skillset can create a connection that might boost your employm ent chances later on.Finally, connecting with the right recruitment agencies might also help. As you’ve found during your research, your chosen department might work with a specific agency for new job openings. It’s a good idea to build rapport with the recruitment agency, as it might increase your chances once the next job is available for your skillset. Stay in contact with the recruiter and always update your resume with the most up-to-date skills and achievements.As a word of warning, you should understand that government jobs shouldn’t be given to anyone’s nephews and nieces. Therefore, you can’t automatically assume that by knowing someone in the government, you’ll end up in a great position. Nonetheless, while you might not be directly hired through these connections, you might be able to hear about opportunities that are hardly advertised elsewhere and get an insight into the hiring process. This, with the added good word you might get, can make the process much easier to navigate.Strategy 3: Become politically engagedFinally, the third successful strategy of getting a prestigious government job involves becoming more politically engaged. This can be the fastest way to a top position, but it’s also relatively risky as your chosen party might not always be in the driving seat when it comes to picking political appointments.While a number of government positions are not for the politically affiliated, there are some that are. While many of these can be elected-positions such as a mayor or minister, certain jobs are filled by the senior members of the government, either locally or nationally. For instance, in the US, over 1,000 jobs are appointed by the US president and require a Congressional approval.For these roles, you would often need to align with the party in power, have done some past work within the party in question and have the adequate skills required for the role. Naturally, you should also have used networking to gain access to the inner circles of the selecting committee or personnel.In order to follow this route, it is a good idea to become a party member or at least be more active in the political scene, even if you want to stay neutral. This means attending political conferences and participating in the discussion of national and local government. You also want to create networks to all the different parties and build a reputation as a thought leader in your chosen field.In terms of establishing yourself as a prominent political figure, you might want to start blogging and writing opinion pieces in newspapers and online media. Becoming more active on social media will also help in raising awareness of your personal brand.Finally, one of the ways to improve your political standing, as well as understanding of the governmental agencies, is through voluntary work. You should consider applying for roles in non-governmental agencies that work closely with your chosen field of work and the governmental agen cies. Not only is voluntary work able to provide you with experience, it can also help you network with people in influential positions.You can find out more about voluntary work with NGOs through NGOAbroad.com and OneWorld360.org.IN CONCLUSIONThere are a limited number of prestigious government jobs available and since the turnover in these public roles can be rather slow, finding yourself a job won’t be an easy process. You should therefore be aware of what you are looking for and what are the requirements for the roles you want.Invest in skills development, as it is still the best guarantee of getting a good job. You want to understand what the government is looking for and pursue these qualifications strategically. In addition, networking can enhance your chances and help you get your foot on the government career ladder.Finally, your most lucrative, but perhaps the riskiest, strategy is to become a politically active member of society. By gaining influence in the political di scussion, you might fast track yourself to a prestigious position.

The Legend of the Fifth Sun

The Aztec creation myth which describes how the world originated is called the Legend of the Fifth Sun. Several different versions of this myth exist, and this is for a few reasons. First is because the stories were originally passed down by oral tradition. Also a factor is that the Aztecs adopted and modified gods and myths from other tribes that they met and conquered. According to the Aztec creation myth, the world of the Aztecs at the time of the Spanish colonization was the fifth era of a cycle of creation and destruction—they believed their world had been created and destroyed four times before. During each of the four previous cycles, different gods governed the earth through a dominant element and then destroyed it. These worlds were called suns. In the Beginning In the beginning, according to Aztec mythology, the creator couple of Tonacacihuatl and Tonacateuctli (also known as the god Ometeotl, who was both male and female) gave birth to four sons, the Tezcatlipocas of the East, North, South, and West. After 600 years, the sons began to create the universe, including the creation of cosmic time, called suns. These gods eventually created the world and all the other deities. After the world was created, the gods gave light to humans. But to do this, one of the gods had to sacrifice himself by leaping into a fire. Each subsequent sun was created by the personal sacrifice of at least one of the gods. Thus, a key element of the story—like in all Aztec culture—is that sacrifice is required to begin renewal. Four Cycles The first god to sacrifice himself was Tezcatlipoca (also known as Black Tezcatlipoca), who leaped into the fire and started the First Sun, called 4 Tiger. This period was inhabited by giants who ate only acorns, and it came to an end when the giants were devoured by jaguars. The world lasted 676 years, or 13 52-year cycles, according to the pan-Mesoamerican calendar.The Second Sun, or 4-Wind Sun, was governed by Quetzalcoatl (also known as White Tezcatlipoca). Here, the earth was populated by humans who ate only pià ±on nuts. Tezcatlipoca wanted to be Sun, however, and turned himself into a tiger and threw Quetzalcoatl off his throne. This world came to an end through catastrophic hurricanes and floods. The few survivors fled to the tops of the trees and were transformed into monkeys. This world also lasted 676 years.The Third Sun, or 4-Rain Sun, was dominated by water; its ruling deity was the rain god Tlaloc, and its people ate seeds that grew in the water. This world came to an end when the god Quetzalcoatl made it rain fire and ashes, and the survivors became turkeys, butterflies, or dogs. It lasted just seven cycles—364 years.The Fourth Sun, the 4-Water Sun, was governed by the goddess Chalchiuthlicue, sister and wife of Tlaloc. Here, the people ate maize. A great flood marked the end of this world, and all the people were transformed into fish. Like the first and second suns, the 4-Water Sun lasted for 676 years. Creating the Fifth Sun At the end of the fourth sun, the gods gathered at Teotihuacan to decide who had to sacrifice him/herself for the new world to begin. The god Huehuetà ©otl—the old fire god—started a sacrificial bonfire, but none of the most important gods wanted to jump into the flames. The rich and proud god Tecuciztecatl—Lord of the Snails—hesitated, and during that hesitation, the humble and poor Nanahuatzin (meaning full of sores) leaped into the flames and became the new sun. Tecuciztecatl jumped in after him to become a second sun. However, the gods realized that two suns would overwhelm the world, so they threw a rabbit at Tecuciztecal and he became the moon—that is why you can still see the rabbit in the moon today. The two celestial bodies were set in motion by Ehecatl, the god of the wind, who fiercely and violently blew the sun into motion. The Fifth Sun The Fifth Sun (called 4-Movement) is ruled by Tonatiuh, the sun god. This fifth sun is characterized by the daysign Ollin, which means movement. According to Aztec beliefs, this indicated that this world would come to an end through earthquakes, and all the people will be eaten by sky monsters. The Aztecs considered themselves the People of the Sun, and therefore their duty was to nourish the Sun god through blood offerings and sacrifices. Failure to do this would cause the end of their world and the disappearance of the sun from the sky. The New Fire Ceremony At the end of each 52-year cycle, the Aztec priests carried out the New Fire Ceremony, or binding of the years. The legend of the five suns predicted the end of a calendar cycle, but it was not known which cycle would be the last one. The Aztec people would clean their houses, discarding all household idols, cooking pots, clothing, and mats. During the last five days, fires were extinguished and the people climbed on their roofs to await the fate of the world. On the last day of the calendar cycle, the priests would climb the Star Mountain, today known in Spanish as Cerro de la Estrella, and watch the rise of the Pleiades to ensure it followed its normal path. A fire drill was placed through the heart of a sacrificial victim; if the fire could not be lit, the myth said, the sun would be destroyed forever. The successful fire was then brought to Tenochtitlan to relight hearths throughout the city. According to the Spanish chronicler Bernardo Sahagun, the New Fire ceremony was conducted every 52 years in villages throughout the Aztec world. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources: Adams REW. 1991. Prehistoric Mesoamerica. Third Edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Read KA. 1986. The Fleeting Moment: Cosmogony, Eschatology, and Ethics in Aztec Religion and Society. The Journal of Religious Ethics 14(1):113-138.Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Taube KA. 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. Fourth Edition. Austin: University of Texas Press.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO Inc.

George Orwell s 1984 And One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

â€Å"The resort to fear by systems of power to discipline the domestic population has left a long and terrible trail of bloodshed and suffering which we ignore at our peril† (Chomsky). This is significant because it relates to both 1984 and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Fear is used in both of these stories to discipline the domestic population and ends up being effective. These two novels are ran by totalitarian like structures. The characters are under a certain person s rule, creating the totalitarian government. In these societies, fear is used to gain power in these governments. The manipulation of fear is used in both 1984 and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest in the manner of which the authoritarians control every aspect of the character’s lives. In 1984 the manipulation of fear is used to brainwash the citizens of Oceania. This concept is used to make the people of the society believe in Big Brother and the government’s rules and also go against each other. With only one way to think and only one point of view, the citizens of Oceania are brainwashed into believing everything the people of the government are telling them. Big Brother is symbolized as the leader or â€Å"God† of this society which the people trust in. The citizens are basically forced to believe everything that they are told without questioning it or going against it because of fear of consequences. The Party brainwashes the people of Oceania to become loyal to them and not rebel. They also brainwash theShow MoreRelated A Tale of Four Novels1596 Words   |  7 Pagesto exterminate the bourgeoisie in order to gain freedom and get revenge at the same time. The central theme of man’s search for power is present in A Tale of Two Cities and i s recurring in many works of literature including Hamlet, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and 1984. In A Tale of Two Cities the primary conflict is the revolution in which the proletariat aim to overthrow the bourgeoisie in an effort to gain freedom as they are oppressed and in a state of poverty. Dickens has previously stated

Communication In Business Free Essays

Many f our historic brands such as Johnnie Walker and Guinness were built on the same corporate citizenship that we hold today. We agree to the fact that we cannot change the world on our own. With our participation and continuous support towards the UN Global Compact, we can learn from others and show leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication In Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though, here at Adagio Pl, we recognize that there are still many changes and improvements that need to be made among us and also among our supply chains. This submission hopes to continue our commitment to the UN Global Compact policies by proposing recommendations based on our experiences and mistakes to the local network. Our local network region chosen will be India. The recommendations are based on two principles of the UN Global Compact. The principles are 1) Principle 2: â€Å"Businesses should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses. † (The Ten Principles/ Principle 2 2012). 2) Principle 8: â€Å"Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility’ (The Ten Principles/ Principle 8 2012). The recommendations are:- Encourage suppliers to Join the Suppliers Ethical Data Exchange (Sexed). Encourage other corporations to harness employee’s power. Recommendation 1 Our experience in developing countries has shown how complicity in human right abuses can arise when negligence occurred in the supply chain. We learned from our mistakes and come up with the following recommendation to prevent such thing from happening again in India. We Join the Suppliers Ethical Data Exchange (Sexed) (Adagio 2007). Through Sexed, suppliers will post a self-assessment of their practices and products. These can be accessed by any of their customers. At present we count 300 of our own suppliers in Sexed. The assessment of each supplier is then closely checked against the Ethical Trading Initiative standards of human rights. We encourage all suppliers of Adagio Pl to Join the Sexed. We also Join a group of food and drink manufacturers who have strong belief on the fact that their supply chains should operate in the highest standards towards human rights. We are currently working with suppliers assessed as non-compliant and try to make them improve. Incase there is no improvement from our supplier; we retain the possibility of seeking alternative sources of supply. This year, we stopped our business with one of our supplier in Asia because he was not willing to report his performance. Benefits and Implications Consumers: They are given information about the product that they will be using directly from our supplier. Moreover they will know whether or not the supplier is compliant with current human right policies. Suppliers: Getting involved in Sexed will definitely capture the interest of other companies in the product they made. Shareholders: By avoiding human rights controversies, the company will be protected against legislative and financial repercussion and as a result the company’s profit will not be affected. Recommendation 2 Since we’re been creating our 201 5 targets, we have been working hard to minimize our environmental impact. Targeting the obvious things can be straightforward. But to able to address our other impacts, we needed the knowledge and ideas of the people on the ground in our daily operations. We realized that the employee’s involvement could be the missing link to achieve our environmental targets. We come up with the Greening as recommendation (Adagio Sustainability Responsibility Report 2011). Greening is the codename for the strategy implemented to encourage employees to act in an environmental friendly way. The employees from different site will form teams known as the â€Å"GREEN TEAM†. Teams will compete to win Olympic- Tyler medals for completing environmental initiatives. These ranges from bronze medal projects to gold medal achievements. Winning sites will be chosen across the whole world and each winner will be awarded EYE,OHO to invest in the new environmental friendly project either on site or locally. Also depending on the success of the program, one idea is to launch a new platinum category to reward gold medal sites that will help another facility start a green team. Our business is about celebration and we try to bring that into everything we do. And also the reason why Greening will work is we tap our people’s sense of community and also their nominative spirit. Benefits and Implications Employees: Capture the interests of 20,000 people working on all level of our business in 80 sites across 40 countries and also provide a platform for the employees to share their idea. Consumers: This will create an impact in the mind of our consumers. People are starting to care for their future generation. They want to deal with firms who are environmentally responsible. Greening will definitely create something positive for our company. Environment: The purpose of Greening is the impact it has on the environment whilst the main purpose of the whole program. The award winning project will be implemented throughout all sites in the world. We are expecting achievements like cutting amount of water used by 60% or reducing amount of carbon dioxide emission by 50% on our site. Greening will definitely be beneficial for the environment. Challenges The implementation of the proposed recommendations will be a challenging task. The problem with the first recommendation is that withdrawing from a non- compliant supplier will only displace the problem rather than solving it. Our action could affect the supplier’s employees and owners. For small community, the loss in business of the supplier could have big economic implications. Our objective is to balance those risks and help the supplier to improve instead. The challenge faced due to the second recommendation is not all employees will be willing to take part in the program. Creating awareness among the employees is also of great concern for A success story We at Adagio Pl have responsibility towards our stakeholders and the environment. We continue to show our support to the principles of the UN Global Compact. We believe that the proposed recommendation could be used as a guideline by our local network and other corporation to fulfill their social contract towards their stakeholders. By creating innovative and smart CARS approaches, our business and our society will benefit hence continuing our success story. How to cite Communication In Business, Papers

Marshall Mathers LP by Eminem free essay sample

Marshall Mathers LP is the fastest selling rap album of all time and sold a total of 1.76 million copies. So, it was obviously very popular. After listening to the album, I can understand why it sold so well. It’s amazing. The lyrics actually make sense unlike some rap songs and have a purpose behind them. In fact, if you took the lyrics out of the music, they would make a quite an excellent poem. Eminem also has an incredible talent of rapping extremely fast which is absolutely awesome to listen to. Also, the album holds several unforgettable songs like â€Å"The Real Slim Shady†, â€Å"Stan†, â€Å"I’m Back†, and â€Å"The Way I Am†. The songs on this album show Eminem’s wide variety of voices and talents. The album also vividly shows Eminem’s personality which is both good and bad. This is good because it shows how passionate he is about rap and how hard he works to make the best songs. We will write a custom essay sample on Marshall Mathers LP by Eminem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s bad because he sometimes steps over the line with his humor. But this is easy to ignore. I strongly recommend this album but, if you get it, do not get the clean version. A substantial part of the songs will be censored. In conclusion, Marshall Mathers LP is a must have album for any rap fan.

European Management Style In Bangladeshi Culture Management Essay Essay Example

European Management Style In Bangladeshi Culture Management Essay Essay Discuss CRITICALLY the construct of national civilization with peculiar mention to your ain state. Critically review informations from a lower limit of two theoretical accounts plus other surveies. Attempt to accommodate any conflicting informations by sing issues of cogency, age, and sampling, recognizing issues of cultural alteration. What grounds is at that place to back up the construct of a national direction manner for your state? Offer a clear decision on these issues. Reflect critically on your ain experience of direction in your state, either as a director or as a subsidiary. Measure TWO critical incidents from your experience and associate them to at least TWO appropriate direction theoretical accounts, and to theoretical accounts of national civilization. To what extent do you see your experiences typical of direction manners in your state? The two elements have equal weighting and both parts must be passed to go through the assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on European Management Style In Bangladeshi Culture Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on European Management Style In Bangladeshi Culture Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on European Management Style In Bangladeshi Culture Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Format REQUIRED: Essay non describe manner Full Harvard citing short mention in the text and full mentions in alphabetical order by family name is a mention list at the terminal the work. Ill referenced work will neglect atomically. Word bound is 3000 words and the word count must be given on the assignment. Appendixs may be added and will non be considered in the word count but should non transcend 1000 words- theoretical accounts etc may be placed at that place. There must be clear links in the text to the stuff in the appendices. Submission will be in 12 point Arial fount with 1.5 line spacing. Spelling, grammar and punctuation will be checked electronically and visually and corrected. An electronic transcript will be uploaded to JISC by the pupil and will be checked for plagiarism. Full inside informations on how to upload will be given before entry. Submission deadline- 25/June/2010 Introduction A major challenge of making concern internationally is to accommodate efficaciously to different civilizations. Such version requires an apprehension of cultural diverseness, perceptual experience, stereotypes, and values ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . Culture is acquired cognition that people use to construe experiences and bring forth societal behavior. This cognition forms values, creates attitudes and influences how people act ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . The chief features of civilization that most bookmans have defined are as follows: Learned Culture is obtained by larning, cognition, pattern, experience etc. instead than familial or replete. Shared Culture is non merely for peculiar individual it is about group of people, society or organisation and signifier through interactions. Transgenerational Culture endures from coevals to coevals. Symbolic Culture is based on symbols for illustration Language can be an of import facet of civilization that helps to stand for different substances and facts. Patterned Culture is integrated and consistent within and across the people, several alterations in action takes topographic point if there needs to be changed. Adaptive Culture is adaptative, people adapt to new fortunes and environment to suit it. As a assortment of civilizations do present in the universe, for international direction, the director do necessitate to cognize about the civilization that they are collaborating with otherwise things might turn out unsuccessful. A most of import characteristic in civilization is Values that is the cardinal rule of an person in relation to their thought of what is right and wrong, good and bad, important and undistinguished, right and incorrect. These are practiced in civilization where it has contemplation on person s behavior and hence due to differences in civilization values can hold different direction systems. Followings specify about how civilization can impact direction attacks: Centralized V. Decentralized In some civilization of a society, top-level directors take of import determinations whereas others give authorization to moo, mid degree directors or active participants to take determinations. Safety vs. Risk In some topographic points, hazards can be expected and uncertainnesss are handled while, others are wholly unwilling to take hazards and face job if any uncertainness arises. Individual vs. Group Rewards In some topographic points, persons are given wagess on their assessment while others consider group wagess. Informal V. Formal processs Some topographic point follow formal processs steadfastly whereas others get accomplishments with even informal processs. High vs. Low Organizational trueness In some topographic point, people gets acknowledgment or grasp by their organisational prominence while some people in other topographic point get to cognize as their professional label. Cooperation vs. Competition in some topographic points, people are encouraged to be competitory with their co-workers whereas in some topographic points they are meant to be concerted. Short term vs. Long term Horizons In some topographic point much focal point is given on short-run net income and efficiency while in other topographic points they think about long run ends. Stability V. Innovation some civilizations does retain their stablenesss and do non accept alterations but some do alterations and accept new occurrences and invention. International directors need to understand that due to differences in national civilization requires different direction attacks and behaviors. Needs to hold effectual integrating of different civilizations and methods. They need to understand that such direction that works in one state might non work into another in certain facets. In order to understand work on cultural issues, some research workers have established theoretical accounts that are still used widely in direction development process. Followings are the amplification of theoretical accounts from two well-known research workers Greet Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. Hofstede theoretical accounts describes about differences in behavior in varied civilization whereas, Trompenaars talks about how people relate to each other, about clip and environment. Hofstede s Model Geert Hofstede s, a research worker, identified five cultural dimensions that show people from assorted civilizations have differences in their behavior. The research has been carried out in one organisation merely, IBM that is spread within 70 states, because the differences amongst national civilizations of all employees can be identified clearly as all variables were matched in other respects, like type of work, educational degrees for similar businesss, holding strong managerial civilization, organisation construction, techniques and processs. The five dimensions are discussed below: Power Distance: The extent to which the less powerful members of organisations and establishments accept and expect that power is distributed unevenly ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In civilization holding low power distance, people anticipate with advisory and independent environment. They relate to each other more as peers despite of formal places. Such civilizations have level organisational construction and be given to be decentralized. The people frequently can be found of extremely qualified and the salary scope between upper and lower degree places is normally narrow. By contrast, in civilization with high power distance, inequalities in the thick of people are normal and considered necessary. The environment is more bossy or paternalistic and the subsidiaries accept the domination from their upper hierarchal places. Such civilizations have tall organisational construction and be given to be centralized and frequently will dwell of people of less qualified and the wage bet ween upper and lower degree is normally broad. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which people feel threatened by equivocal state of affairss and have created beliefs and establishments that try to avoid these ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . It deals how people are discerning about any unfamiliar enterprise and how they handle or minimise uncertainness. In civilization with high uncertainness turning away, people follow definite conventions and officially planned activities, maintain exact Torahs and regulations, directors prefer non to take hazards, have strong belief in experts and their cognition, be given to be less ambitious and prefer non to alter current employer. They are more emotional and have subjective feeling of jitteriness. By contrast, in civilization with low uncertainness turning away, it is to be followed unwritten, flexible conventions and do insouciant activities, they are more likely to follow few regulations, directors take hazards, have strong belief in Renaissance mans and common sense, be given to be really ambitious and prefer to alter employer often. They are less nerve-racking and more unconcerned, brooding and comfy about uncertainness and being encouraged to utilize their ain thoughts and take up liability for their activities. Individuality and Bolshevism: Individuality is the inclination of people to look after themselves and their immediate household merely ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people are expected to look after oneself and 1s immediate household. Their individuality is based on single and they normally develop or formalized their ain single character and make up ones mind their associations. Belief exists in single judgements and has emotional independency from organisations and besides accent is on single enterprise and achievements. The relationship between employee and employer is a contractual on shared benefit. Collectivism is the inclination of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for trueness ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people act more cohesively into groups or extended households and give part without holding any purpose in return. Their individuality is based on societal system and belief exists in-group opinions and has emotional dependences of the person on organisations and besides accent is on favor to organisations. The relationship between employee and employer is evident in ethical nomenclature. Masculinity and Femininity: Masculinity is a civilization in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people tend to hold importance on money, repute, patterned advance and challenge instead than preservation of the environment. They are expected to be single determination shapers. Work forces are more likely to be self-assured, motivated, determined and strong, on the other manus, adult females are more likely to be caring, soft and expression after life. There is high occupation force per unit area on equity, fighting and accomplishments in the workplace and industrial confliction is common. Directors are frequently decisive and command employees public presentations. By contrast, Femininity is a civilization in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people tend to hold more importance on teamwork, gr oup determinations and on the preservation of the environment. They are expected to be modest, stamp and concerned with relationships. There is low occupation force per unit area on equity, competency and quality of work-life and does non hold industrial confliction. Directors give freedom and wagess to employees on their activities. Long-run Orientation and Short-run Orientation: In long-run orientation, activities have value that can hold an consequence on finding, doggedness, economic system and humiliation. In short-run orientation, activities have an consequence on normative statement, stableness, regard for tradition and reciprocation of good wants, favors and gifts. Trompenaars s Model Fons Trompenaars, another research worker, identified seven dimensions in which five describes about how people relate to each one another and sixth one is clip that describes how civilization can be laid accent on yesteryear, nowadays or hereafter and last one is environment that is related to nature. His research has been carried out over 15,000 directors from 28 states, showing 47 national civilizations. The seven dimensions are as follow: Universalism vs. Particularism: Universalism is the belief that thoughts and patterns can be applied everyplace in the universe without alteration ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In universalism civilization, people tend to concentrate more into formal regulations instead than relationships. They keep adhere to their concern contracts and do determinations without situational considerations, which sometimes are referred to difference of sentiments and incompatibilities. By contrast, Particularism is the belief that fortunes order how thoughts and patterns should be applied and something can non be done the same everyplace ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, it is the other manner around, people tend to concentrate more into relationship than on formal regulations. Peoples amend the understandings or take determinations sing situational fortunes as to them the concern contracts do non hold much significance. Individualism vs. Communitarianism: In Individualism civilization, people tend to prosecute in ain personal accomplishments and take for granted a great trade of single duty. On the other manus, Communitariantism refers to people sing themselves as portion of a group ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people take determinations that seemingly referred to group and success accomplishment in groups and presume duty together. Impersonal V. Emotional: Neutral is a civilization in which emotions are held in cheque. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people do non demo show their emotions in order non to hold hinderance on their judgements. By contrast, Emotional is a civilization in which emotions are expressed openly and of course. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In this civilization, people express their emotions honestly. They portion smilings, joy, defeat, and salutations, show enthusiasm. Specific V. Defuse: Specific is a civilization in which persons have a big public infinite they readily portion with others and a little private infinite they guard closely and portion with merely close friends and associates. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people tend to acquire invitation on public infinite. They are normally unfastened and extravert and their personal and professional life are strongly detached. Defuse is a civilization in which public infinite and private infinite are similar in size and persons guard their public infinite carefully, because entry into public infinite affords entry into private infinite every bit good. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In this civilization, people are non invited to public infinite. They are normally introvert and their professional and personal lives are connected to each other. Achievement vs. Ascription: Achievement is a civilization in which people are accorded position based on how good they perform their maps. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In such civilization, people tend to achieve position, place or power based on their accomplishments, cognition and accomplishments. On the other manus, Ascription is a civilization in which position is attributed based on who or what a individual is. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . In this civilization, people attain position based on age, gender or person familiarities. Time: It has two attacks, consecutive and synchronal. In consecutive civilization, people tend to make one activity one at a clip. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . They adhere to their assignments and follow programs and agenda purely. On the other manus, in synchronal civilization, people tend to make more than one activity at a clip. ( Hodgett and Luthans, 2006 ) . Their actions are non entitled to agenda or hold definite clip to keep. Agendas are less important than relationships. Environment: It has two orientation, internal-orientation and external-orientation. In internal-orientation civilization, single is responsible for commanding fortunes and non comfy in altering state of affairss whereas, in external-orientation civilization, person is non responsible for their actions and are more flexible in compromising and comfy in altering state of affairss. National Culture of Bangladesh National civilization is revealed to be built-in what people frequently take for granted from their legal residence environment ( Edensor, 2002 ) . The survey of national civilization gives a synoptic thought of local values/ shared significances, political system, religion/philosophical beliefs, economic prosperity, linguistic communication and instruction system ( French, 2007 ) . The below Hagiographas is about the perceptual experience of natural civilization of the People s Republic of Bangladesh. It is a state situated in Southern Asia with an country of 144,000 sq kilometer and is bordered by Bay of Bengal in South, by India in north, west and east and by Myanmar in sou-east. It has emerged as free state after Independence War in 1971, which the state still prides of and besides about other values and beliefs, like Bengali New Year, National Mourning, Martyr Day, International Language Day etc. It has a civilization of mixture of full music, dance, folks, play, art, trade, literature, doctrine, faith, festivals, jubilations etc. The state does hold population of around 140 1000000s with blend of assorted faith Muslim, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and others. It has parliamentary democratic authorities. The province linguistic communication is Bangla followed by English, the 2nd linguistic communication, which is widely used in different concern sector s, instruction etc. Harmonizing to UN Development Programme ( UNDP ) 2008 figures, the literacy rate is at 52.5 per centum. Has agricultural production, natural resources, exports and imports concern. From the perceptual experience of The Central Intelligence Agency ( 2010 ) of USA, Bangladesh has attained about 6 % GDP growing rate. For the last twosome of decennaries, labour force has increased even more due to rapid growing of population and has reached a entire sum of 72.5 million and rate of people without occupation is 2.5 % ( Khan, 2010 ) . In Bangladesh, the concern is normally set up with cross-cultural direction and is maintained really traditionally and cautiously. Such direction persevere grade of formality and shows regard and dainty with self-respect to seniors, older people, person from high authorization or authorities functionaries. Hierarchical construction in direction system is maintained more in public sector than in private concern. Peoples with higher rank or from top-level direction have more privilege, i.e. harmonizing with Hofstede dimensions of civilization directors have high power distance. Bangladesh has a civilization of low hazard and low alteration tolerant. The intercultural capablenesss and dispositions for uncertainness or hazard are low. New programs are studied and analyzed with consciousness to do certain whatever hazards they found are good defined and understood. In instance of any alterations, the new proposals are supposed to be stabilized and accepted by the people. Intercultural apprehension is important for hazard well influenced by the effects of failure for both single and organisation. Harmonizing to Hofstede s cultural dimensions Bangladesh has low uncertainness turning away. By and large, directors or person from upper degree have paternalistic attitude towards their employees to some extent and they take determinations while the subsidiaries are meant to follow. The civilization is slightly towards bossy attack. Top-level authorities functionaries of the state take determinations and handed over to the directors to put to death the process. Normally, the determination shapers seek advice from the experts before taking any measure. They merely inquire for subsequent information instead than looking for consensus. Harmonizing to Hofstede s theoretical account Bangladeshi s directors are more individualistic instead than collectivized. Bangladeshi directors tend to see long-run determination doing instead than short-run. And besides they have respects for civilization, tradition and concern about communal duties. Other issues like faith, linguistic communication, vicinity and reciprocated of gifts are kept into consideration in such civilization. Harmonizing to Hofstsede s theoretical account, Bangladeshi direction is less long-run orientation and high short-run oriented. Most Bangladeshi directors do their concern depending on statics, experiences and empirical informations, while others believe in inherent aptitude, religion and chance. Generally, in such civilization, emotional looks are shown, ever posses good nature to others, conceal defeat or irritation. Harmonizing to Hofstede s theoretical account Bangladeshi director has features of Femininity. In Bangladesh, societal traffics tend to be more demanding, autocratic, paternalistic, bossy, inequality determination devising processs, trueness, motive and commanding in direction attitude. Relatively, in West, tend to hold advisory or equality decision-making processs, self-interest, aggressive personality, competence, individuality in direction attitude. European Management manner in Bangladeshi civilization BV Ltd. is an offshore package development and Information Technology confer withing house, since 2001 that has aspiration of bring forthing quality concern solutions for the planetary market. It is situated in Dhaka and is a joint venture between BG, a stock market listed taking company from Denmark and MD Group IT company from Bangladesh. It develops package, desktop/web based merchandises and applications and performs IT Consultancy in assorted Fieldss for many concerns in Europe and other parts of the universe and hence it has established successful bonding with European clients by supplying qualitative services. It defines itself by stressing cardinal focal point on supplying best services to valued clients. Bing an employee for twosome of old ages as Assistant General Manager, I have experiences of the direction section that ever guarantee smooth operation of the organisation and therefore successful completion of all undertakings in peculiar. The company is working with the province of art in Dhaka but is managed by lasting locally based European Chief Executive Officer. Since it has standing clients from Europe, BV believes to put a tradition where the European manner of covering concern will be a common thing. The company thinks that achievement can merely be achieved when quality calling chances along with installations are made available to the employees. They give high penchants on Human Resources, extended preparation by European experts, long-run employee partnership, Corporate Social Responsibility, both locally and internationally, during employments development procedure. The direction civilization of the company is rather similar to European manner, i.e. the top-level direction maintains friendly and professional relationship with the employee, preserve equality and presume them to be independent, proactive and self-motivated. It has a reasonably comprehensive and decentralised direction manner with less hierarchal relationship and is expected to hold common regard instead than one of to the full dedicated single trueness. The employees ever worked together and believe in teamwork. Since they belong from high educational background and/or holding old experiences, it was rather easy to accommodate such direction manner even though there were cultural differences with the top-level direction. Of class, the Chief executive officer does the general determinations and the subsidiaries are supposed to follow them. And others agenda, planning and order of flow of work are implemented by the team-lead among employees, where all the engagement, part of though ts is taken as input for developing a undertaking. During coactions with European clients, both the director and the full group of the undertaking do meetings and hence can able to concentrate more on the clients demands. Since there is a close dealing with the clients, no jobs can be seen to take topographic point while describing or updating clients outlook. This direction manner has been developed by the CEO in order to hold close connexions with the clients and tried non to hold any hierarchal degree in between so that plants would travel in fast gait, speedy determination devising, giving authorization chances, effectual while carry throughing client s demands and the Chief executive officer can hold clear focal point on subsidiaries undertakings. Employees expect and react to encouragement undertaking related leading with better public presentation and entire satisfaction as they gain assurance and accomplishment while director moves frontward within a democratic manner. The Chief executive officer of BV pays attending and gives values to the Bangladeshi civilization, tradition and behaviours and has achieved a better direction even in different culturally environment. He observed Bangladeshi civilization behaviours in a non-judgment manner and adapt liberally to a varied scope of effectual system, concern methodological analysis and societal environment. Despite of diverseness from backgrounds he has succeeded to work together efficaciously as a squad. Harmonizing to Hofstede s theoretical account, the CEO of BV follows the direction manner that is of Low Power Distance, Low Uncertainty Avoidance, Femininity, Collectivism and Long-term orientated features. Decisions Bangladeshi people are reasonably much adaptable and sociable in any environment and in any civilization. They know how to collaborate regardless of the fact that whether the company has level or tall organisational construction, whether it has centralized or decentralized direction. In Bangladesh, people follow reasonably formal concern etiquette. New coevalss learn cultural moralss and rules, spiritual values, linguistic communication in the class of socialisation with people, which in bend, aid to set up attitudes, develop passions and do cognizant about their societal individualism of being a Bangladeshi. Besides, instruction besides has major advantage in the facet of edifice 1s individuality. Nevertheless, the new coevalss are the people who contribute in political relations, entrepreneurships and economic prosperity of the state. Word count: 3523 Mentions: Arvind V. Phatak, Rabi S. Bhagat A ; Roger J. Kashlak, International Management Managing in a Diverse and Dynamic Global Environment, 2005, McGraw Hill Bangladeshi, Culture A ; Society, ( 2008 ) , IPTU Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iptu.co.uk/content/bangladesh_business_cult.asp gt ; , [ accessed: June 18, 2010 ] Bangladesh Location A ; Size, ( 2010 ) , Encyclopaedia of Nation Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Bangladesh.html gt ; , [ accessed: June 16, 2010 ] Bangladesh: History, Geography and Culture, ( 2008 ) , Fact Monster Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107317.html gt ; , [ accessed: June 16, 2010 ] Hofstede, Greet ( 2009 ) , Greet Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, Itim international. Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geert-hofstede.com/ gt ; , [ accessed: June 18, 2010 ] Hodgetts, Luthan A ; Doh, International Management Culture, Strategy and Behaviour, 2006, McGraw Hill Intercultural Management Bangladesh, Kwintessential Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kwintessential.co.uk/intercultural/management/bangladesh.html gt ; [ accessed: June 18, 2010 ] Khan, Rafayet, ( Apr 15, 2010 ) , National Culture of Bangladesh, Scribd. Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/29984322/National-Culture-of-Bangladesh-French-model gt ; , [ accessed: June 16, 2010 ] Workman, Daniel, ( Jan 23, 2003 ) , Trade Culture Dimensions, Suite101 Available from: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/trade_culture_dimensions gt ; , [ accessed: June 18, 2010 ]

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Poverty is an important factor which has increased women and childrens vulnerability to human traffickers particularly the poor and unemployed since they have will to join or they are level of awareness on the dangers associated with human trafficking is low. Poverty again is considered as the main root behind their decisions that make they decide to migrate for work. In addition to poverty, the lack of education and unemployment there are also significant social and culture factors that contribute to human trafficking. For instance, culture norms that perpetuate a lack of respect women increase the likelihood of them being exploited. Similarly, the perception of children as wage earners also increases the likelihood of them being trafficked. Moreover, the low level of education, family debt, agriculture failure, lack of land and off-season work were pushing peop le to the big cities or other countries as the men go into construction, women into services and prostitution. Last but definitely not least, broken families, disaster, uneven economic development, lack of border controls, socio-economic imbalance between the rural and urban areas, increased tourism, unsafe migration are also significant contributing factors to human trafficking. After getting to know the roots of human trafficking, it is also important to understand its effects. In fact, human trafficking has many consequences. First, the spread of HIV/AIDS is one of the consequences of human trafficking. For instance, many victims of human trafficking are physically and sexually abused. Trafficked women are often not in a position of negotiate safe sex, or lack access to education about HIV/AIDS. Therefore, they can transmit the disease to the next customers. That is the reason that HIV/AIDS can spread from one person to another person easily. The victims not only suffer from HIV/AIDS, but also often suffer from stigmatization by their communities. Moreover, many are treated as criminals by officials in countries of transit and destination due to their irregular status in the country, and their status as illegal workers or sex workers. What is more, human trafficking is generating the violation of human right. As we know that the victims are forced to do th e prostitute and other kind of exploitations. In this case, there will be a human right violation concern. IV. Solutions of Cambodian Government In fact, The Royal Government of Cambodia does not stand still without taking any actions. For this reason, the government has implemented several mechanisms. The first mechanism is the prosecution. It is making some many significant efforts; for example, the government created a national anti-trafficking task force to improve the interagency response to trafficking and coordination with civil society, increased law enforcement action against traffickers and complicit officials, and undertook prevention activities. Besides this, in February 2008, Cambodias new Law on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation was declared wisely and went into effect immediately. This law provides enforcement authorities and the power of investigate all forms of trafficking, and it is also a powerful tool in efforts to prosecute and convict traffickers and make them face with strict punishments. The Ministry of Interior (MOI) reported 53 trafficking cases from April 2007 t o March 2008, thirty-five cases were sex trafficking involving 60 victims and 11 were labor trafficking cases involving 106 victims. The MOI reported that 65 traffickers were arrested during the reporting period. The Phnom Penh Municipal Court convicted 52 trafficking offenders. The MOI Department of Anti-Trafficking and Juvenile Protection reported 52 cases, involving 65 trafficking offenders. There is also a figure that we get from non-state actors such as NGOs. For instance, NGOs reported 19 labor trafficking cases. In February 2008, Prime Minister Hun Sen ordered the Ministry of Commerce to annul business licenses for marriage agencies, calling that kind of business is also a form of human trafficking. Another mechanism of combating human trafficking in Cambodia is the protection. The Royal Government of Cambodia improved its efforts in providing protection to victims of trafficking while continuing to rely on NGOs and international organizations. Victims are not treated as crim inals. For instance, the victims are provided with education or skill in order to make them have jobs to support their living. For foreign victims, they are provided temporary residence in shelters, education, and counseling services while they are waiting for repatriation. Last but definitely not least mechanism is the prevention. The Royal Government of Cambodia demonstrated concrete efforts to prevent trafficking. In April 2007, the government established a National Task Force (NTF) comprising 11 government ministries, three government agencies, and more than 200 international and local NGOs. The NTF has an oversight mechanism known as the High Level Working Group, chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior. This illustrated that this is the first time that we have such coordinated anti-trafficking efforts across government ministries and agencies, and also civil society. In coordination with civil society, the NTF launched a nationwide anti-trafficking campaig n using positive messages incorporating Khmer values and cultural traditions to inspire Cambodians to take action against human trafficking. The campaign emphasized trafficking as a national priority and launched a national dialogue on trafficking via public forums across Cambodia. More interestingly, Cambodia also has international cooperation in combating human trafficking. V. Conclusion I would recommend Cambodian government continue the implementation of the anti-trafficking mechanisms and provide law enforcement mechanisms to government officials on the new law. Moreover, significantly improve the number of prosecutions, convictions, and punishments of trafficking persons. What is more, the government should continue to enhance cooperation and collaboration with civil society under the direction of the National Task Force. Last but definitely not least, government of Cambodia should increase efforts to prosecute sex tourists and those facilitating commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition to that, here is also another general recommendation such as protect the rights of victims. According to the UN principle on Human Rights which states that the human rights of trafficked persons shall be at the center of all efforts to prevent and combat trafficking and to protect, assist and provide redress to victims., the needs and rights of victims should be con sidered at every stage in proceedings. Furthermore, in order to prevent and protect successfully, the demand of customers should be reduced since the demand reduction must be linked to the prevention and protection. Another recommendation is the establishing of policies. The complexities of the trafficking problem require efforts by relevant entities at the local, national, regional, and international levels. Therefore, it is vitally to form partnership with intergovernmental organizations, governments, NGOs, international organizations, communities and families confronted with trafficking.

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty

The death penalty has pros and cons. Some of the pros of the death penalty are that it frees more space for incoming prisoners, therefore we can pay less taxes. The amount of space taken from prisoners who have a life sentence take up to much space and the death penalty would prevent that from happening. The cost of the death penalty is dramatically lower then the cost of the sentence â€Å"Life Without Parole† JFA [Justice for All] estimates that life without parole cases will cost $1. million-$3. 6 million more than equivalent death penalty cases. There is no question that the up front costs of the death penalty are significantly higher than for equivalent life without parole cases. There also appears to be no question that, over time, equivalent life without parole cases are much more expensive†¦ than death penalty cases. Opponents ludicrously claim that the death penalty costs, over time, 3-10 times more than life without parole.The death penalty would possibly make p eople afraid to commit a felony because they might be punished with the ultimate punishment†¦ Death. The cons of the death penalty are many, and often talked about more then the pros. Some of the cons consist of accidental sentencing, believing in human morals, there is more pre-trial time, more experts, twice as many attorneys, two trials will have to be conducted instead of one. One for sentencing, and one for punishment. There will be a series of appeals in which the inmates will have to be kept in a high security ‘death row’.In my personal opinion I think that the death penalty is important because it will lower the cost of our taxes because we will not have to pay as much to hold life sentencing inmates, which will improve the economy, I think that if the consequence for a serious felony may be death the crime rates will decrease, I also believe that it will make our streets safe and will allow us to create more jobs because there will need to be more law enfo rcement jobs that will be needed such as attorneys, judges, experts, etc.

Research Critique Part 1 Essay

This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinical problem being examined in the research study is the way in which nurses obtain consent prior to administering nursing care procedures, and the way nurses manage patients who refuse any nursing care procedures. By stating that nurses â€Å"do not regard obtaining consent as an absolute requirement† also stating that â€Å"consent is preferred but no considered essential† the significance is established and a clinical problem identified.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The author identifies the need for further education of nurses on the need to obtain informed consent for nursing care procedures, and the need for more research of this topic. Purpose and Research Questions The study clearly identifies the aim of the study as â€Å"to examine the way in which nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The study identifies two main purposes for the research study as: 1- To examine how consent is obtained prior to nursing care procedures, 2- To explore the ways in which consent could be approached by clinical nurses.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The author provided clear purpose or aim of the research problem, â€Å"the way in which nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) And related the problem to the questions of how consent is obtained, how obtaining consent can be approached, and at the extent to which consent remains voluntary. The qualitative method is appropriate for this study as the information needed was obtained through interviews, observations and focus groups to answer the question of how nurses obtain consent and for exploring ways consent could be approached in the future, due to the lack of discussion in nursing literature on obtaining consent prior to nursing care procedures.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) Literature Review The author cites qualitative research articles and nursing education manuals and training manuals from many different authors and time periods. There were no quantitative studies cited. All research article referenced were relevant to the study, most were greater than seven years old and older. No evaluations of strengths or weaknesses were available for referenced material. The limitations of this study were named as: â€Å"data was exploratory, It was not the specific intention to explore the management of the patient who refuses care; the topic came from the inductive data analysis.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) It is relevant as this is a previously unexplored area of nursing.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) The author builds a logical argument through discussion of nursing education, and the fact that nursing education and the focus of informed consent in nursing education is on the nurse’s role in obtaining consent prior to medical procedures and research procedures, and not prior to nursing care procedures. The author uses the argument that the lack of discussion on informed consent does not negate its importance and it purpose which is to protect a patients autonomy .(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework. There is no specific perspective identified within this study. There was no diagram or conceptual framework in the study. The results are clearly defined and sample was described as being purposive sample of qualified nurses from two teaching hospitals in England. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 647) The author used a grounded theory type of qualitative research study. Through observation of how consent is obtained, nurses’ interpretations of why consent is obtained, six focus groups, and in depth interviews, data was collected and analyzed. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The sampling was purposive, and was said to consist of qualified nurses who were â€Å"willing-and able- to recall and discuss critical incidents. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed focus group and interview data were combined in data analysis and transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparison.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 347)

The River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong - 1549 Words

In the novel The River Between, Ngugi wa Thiong’o expresses a strong moderate nationalist sentiment displayed in various ways. The subject of this novel, is a meaningful portrayal of how the theme of colonization is at the heart of most African literature written in English. The River Between was Ngugi’s first work to be published in his own language, Gikuyu and then translated into English. His radical shift from the use of the European languages to the use of an indigenous African language, Gikuyu, was a way of fighting imperialism: â€Å"I believe that my writing in Gikuyu language, a Kenyan language, an African language, is part and parcel of the anti-imperialist struggles of Kenyan and African peoples† . The novel addresses the early days of colonial intervention and richly illustrates the interference of the pre-colonial tranquil tribal life style at the hand European missionaries and colonizers . Apart from the novel’s primary language of pu blication we see Ngugi’s nationalist mindset through the Kikuyu people and their actions throughout the historical fiction. The issues of cultural and national identity are made obvious which tie into Ngugi’s perspective towards the Europeans. Furthermore, through the protagonist Waiyaki, we are further able to envision the aspiration to overcome colonialism through his very own desire to unite the two feuding ridges at the time, Mukuyu and Kameno. Most of African literature in the colonial and postcolonial Africa has beenShow MoreRelatedA River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong891 Words   |  4 Pages The novel A River Between was written by Ngugi wa Thiong o. It is a fictional story about the Kikuyu tribe in Kenya during the 1920 s. During this time in Africa and in the recent past colonial powers had secured a presence in a lot of Afican countries. These powers over time had drove a wedge between African tribes for various reasons. In the novel the Kikuyu are dealing w ith this divison among its people. They are split between two groups tribal tradtionalist the Kameno and the recently convertedRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 Pages Mala Pandurang’s Ngugi Wa Thiong o: An Anthology of Recent Criticism (2008) is a brilliant specimen of archival research on Ngugi criticism. She wrote another important book on the postcolonial African fiction, entitled Post-colonial African Fiction: The Crisis of Consciousness (1997). Oliver Lovesey in The Postcolonial Intellectual: Ngugi wa Thiong’o in Context (2016) has pointed out the multifarious cultural identities of Ngugi. The biographical reading of Ngugi’s life from a Marxist vantageRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pageswill confirm a diachronic development. In No Longer at Ease (1963), there is a discernible change in the style of Achebes female portraiture. At the end of the novel, Obi Okonkwo yields to the implacable force of traditional ethos when choosing between his mother (representing traditionalism), who threatens to kill herself if he marries an outcast or osu, and the outcast prota gonist Clara (representing the modern female). The pregnant Clara gets an abortion and fades out of the story. But at leastRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 PagesGhana was known to have some matrilineal societies, such as the Akans; but Nigerias traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one usheredRead MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 Pagesdomination on the subaltern Other? 4) Does the colonial mechanism achieve its aims or does it unveils the fractures within the polarisation of the British Empire? 5) Does the issue of the mysterious psychosexual assault conceals a more serious problem between the |British and the Indians? 6) What is the reaction of the subjugated and the excluded Indians towards the British colonial system and its using of excessive power that shows the difficulty of the passage to India? 7) Finally, Do power and violence